Eight types of bonsai tree shapes: Mogai-moku, Bunjin-moku, Kengai, etc.

The most important factor determining the beauty of a bonsai is its "tree shape." There are established forms that recreate the various appearances of trees in nature, shaped by wind, snow, and terrain. Knowing the eight representative tree shapes will completely change the way you view bonsai.

What is the form of a bonsai tree? — A "form" that condenses the appearance of nature.

In bonsai, "tree shape" refers to the overall silhouette and posture of the tree. In bonsai, typical forms that trees exhibit in nature are classified and given names. Shaping the tree shape through pruning and wiring is the core of bonsai creation. Understanding tree shapes is the first step to a deeper understanding of bonsai, both for those who create them and those who view them.

Characteristics and Types - Eight Representative Tree Shapes

The following are the eight basic tree shapes for bonsai:

"Chokkan" (straight trunk) is the most elegant form, with the trunk rising straight up, and is often seen in cedar and cypress. "Moyogi" (patterned trunk) is the most common form, with the trunk gently curving to the left and right as it rises. "Shakan" (slanted trunk) is a form where the trunk leans in one direction, representing a tree that has grown in the wind.

"Kengai" is a dramatic style where the trunk hangs down below the rim of the pot, inspired by the image of a pine tree growing on a cliff. "Hankengai" is a gentle style where the trunk hangs down to around the rim of the pot. "Bunjingi" is a refined style with a slender trunk and only a minimal number of branches, derived from the pine trees depicted in literati paintings.

The "windsock" style features branches that all sway in one direction, like a tree exposed to strong winds. The "multi-stemmed" style has multiple trunks rising from a single base, capturing the landscape of a mixed forest in a single pot.

Practical Tips and Tricks: Choosing the Right Tree Shape and Appreciating It

For beginners, the "moyagi" style (a type of bonsai shaped like a tree's curve) is recommended. It's easy to express natural curves and can be applied to many tree species. When appreciating bonsai at exhibitions, being aware of "what kind of tree shape this tree is aiming for" will reveal the artist's intentions and their view of nature.

Tree shape doesn't always strictly apply to a single tree; it can be a mixture of multiple elements. What's important is whether it conforms to the laws of nature. Developing an appreciation eye involves reading the tree as a story, from its root system to the flow of its trunk and the tips of its branches.

VONSAI's Perspective: The Value of the "View of Nature" Residing in Tree Forms

Tree shapes are not merely classifications based on appearance; they are the culmination of the Japanese aesthetic sense and how they have perceived nature. When you can decipher the intention behind the shape of a single bonsai tree, it transforms from something to "decorate" into something to "dialogue with."

At VONSAI, we introduce bonsai trees that possess both beautiful form and a rich history. Understanding different tree forms and finding the one that appeals to you is the best way to enter the world of bonsai.

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summary

Bonsai tree shapes are broadly classified into eight types, including straight trunk, shaped tree, and cascading style, and are "forms" that reproduce the appearance of trees in nature by human hands. Understanding tree shapes will greatly deepen your appreciation of bonsai and allow you to discern the creator's view of nature. First, try comparing various tree shapes at exhibitions and bonsai gardens.

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